Interactions like this are often theorized to be the cause of intense periods of star formation in galaxies. This deformation in the gas envelope may have been the result of gravity tugging at it as the two galaxies passed each other, or it could be an artifact arising from a more permanent collision and merger between two galaxies. The center of the gas is off-center in relation to GN20's dense nucleus of stars, implying that GN20 has recently undergone an encounter with another galaxy.
Why do some James Webb Space Telescope images show warped and repeated galaxies?
James Webb Space Telescope spots huge galactic protocluster in the early universe (photo) James Webb Space Telescope snaps amazing photo of alien asteroid belt To study GN20 and unveil its properties, astronomers led by Spanish Astrobiology Center scientist Luis Colina used observations of this galaxy made by the JWST's Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) between November 23 and 24, 2022. That means the JWST, which was designed to see the universe in infrared wavelengths, is ideal for peering beyond these dusty veils to see deep into these galaxies.
This is because these clouds are adept at absorbing visible light, but infrared light has a much easier time slipping through this star-forming matter. Star-forming galaxies are surrounded by dense clouds of dust and gas that collapse in over-dense patches to form stars these also make them difficult to investigate. Clumpy molecular gas surrounds the galaxy expanding out to a diameter of around 46,000 light-years, and this star-forming matter is flattened into a giant rotating disk. The early galaxy, which was seen as it was when the 13.8 billion-year-old universe was just around 1.8 billion years old, is forming stars at a rate of around 1,860 times the mass of the sun each year.
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